Nobel laureate John Steinbeck wrote a letter to his eldest son who told him about his love to his girlfriend Susan.
This is John's wise response:
New York
November 10, 1958
Dear Thom:
We had your letter this morning. I will answer it from my point of view and of course Elaine will from hers.
First — if you are in love — that’s a good thing — that’s about the
best thing that can happen to anyone. Don’t let anyone make it small or
light to you.
Second — There are several kinds of love. One is a selfish, mean,
grasping, egotistical thing which uses love for self-importance. This is
the ugly and crippling kind. The other is an outpouring of everything
good in you — of kindness and consideration and respect — not only the
social respect of manners but the greater respect which is recognition
of another person as unique and valuable. The first kind can make you
sick and small and weak but the second can release in you strength, and
courage and goodness and even wisdom you didn’t know you had.
You say this is not puppy love. If you feel so deeply — of course it isn’t puppy love.
But I don’t think you were asking me what you feel. You know better
than anyone. What you wanted me to help you with is what to do about it —
and that I can tell you. Glory in it for one thing and be very glad and grateful for it.
The object of love is the best and most beautiful. Try to live up to it.
If you love someone — there is no possible harm in saying so — only
you must remember that some people are very shy and sometimes the saying
must take that shyness into consideration.
Girls have a way of knowing or feeling what you feel, but they usually like to hear it also.
It sometimes happens that what you feel is not returned for one
reason or another — but that does not make your feeling less valuable
and good.
Lastly, I know your feeling because I have it and I’m glad you have it.
We will be glad to meet Susan. She will be very welcome. But Elaine
will make all such arrangements because that is her province and she
will be very glad to. She knows about love too and maybe she can give
you more help than I can. And don’t worry about losing. If it is right, it happens — The main thing is not to hurry. Nothing good gets away.
لكل منا أسلوبه في مواجهة الحياة وصعابها. جزء من هذه الأساليب يسمى بـآليات التأقلم أو "coping mechanisms".
غالباً ما تتكون آليات التأقلم كردة فعل طبيعية للتوتر النفسي الذي تسببه التغيرات التي تواجهنا في حياتنا اليومية سواء التغيرات السيئة منها (كموت قريب أو فقدان عمل) أو الجيدة (كالزواج والعمل الجديد) وهي بشكل دقيق نوع من أنواع الإدمان. وكأي عادة، يوجد لآليات التأقلم جانب إدماني، إذ نشعر بدرجة من الإكراه نحوهم وبدرجة من الصعوبة في مقاومتهم. وعادة ما نميل لاستخدام آليات التأقلم كإلهاء أو ركيزة نستند عليها لتجنب التوتر. إذ لا تكون هذه العادات خيارات حقيقية نختارها ولكن عادات لاواعية تعيقنا عن التعامل المباشر مع أسباب التوتر وبذلك تصبح مؤذية لنا. وتشكل هذه الآليات نواعاً من الإدمان قد يكون من السهل كشفه (كإدمان الكحول والمخدرات والقمار والتدخين والطعام) أو قد يكون مبطنا أو بريئا جداً (كإدمان العمل ومشاهدة التلفاز والانترنت والنوم وحتى الحياة الاجتماعية). وقد لا يظهر الجانب المؤذي لهذه الآليات مباشرة ولكنها بشكل أو بآخر تسرق وقتك وتقلل من نسبة تركيزك وتمنعك من عيش حياتك بشكل كامل فهي لا تمنحك متعة حقيقة ولكنها نوع من الهوس الذي يحتاج إلى إشباع بشكل مستمر.
إن رغبتك في تناول البوشار أو قطعة من الشوكولا ليلاً هي ليست خيارات حقيقية لك وإنما رغبة في جرعة من الدوبامين (هرمون المكافأة والمتعة) تقدمها لك هذه المأكولات لتغطي على القليل من درجة التوتر التي تشعر بها فتتكون بذلك الحلقة المفرغة المستمرة توتر-طعام- شعور بالرضى ثم إعادة.
ولهذه الآليات أنواع :
عملي (يسعى لإيجاد ما يغير الواقغ كطلب المساعدة) # عاطفي (يسعى لايجاد ما يغير أو يحافظ على العواطف كتحويل الأمر إلى الفكاهة)
فعال (يواجه مسبب التوتر) # اجتنابي (كإنكار مسبب القلق أو النوم أو اعتزال الناس)
هدام (كالإنغماس في الاسترخاء والطعام) # مثمر (كالإنغماس في العمل أو الرياضة)
وقد يستعمل الفرد الواحد عدة أنواع من آليات التأقلم وقد يغير من الآليات التي يستخدمها تبعاً للحالة التي يواجهها وحالته النفسية ودرجة الدعم التي يتلقاها من وسطه المحيط
ونحن نتشارك مع الحيوانات في صفة الشعور بالقلق والتوتر من الحياةالمحيطة. فالحيوانات تواجه باستمرار ما يهدد حياتها من مفترسات أو قلة طعام وتفرز أجسادها كما أجسادنا هرمون الكورتيزول عند الشعور بالخطر والذي ينبهنا إلى وجوب "القيام بشيء فوراً". إلا أن الحيوانات تملك رصيداً محدودا من العواطف والخيارات وهي لا تعقد الأمور كالبشر ولا تلقي باللوم على الحياة أو غيرها ولا تنقل قلقها إلى المستقبل. هي ببساطة تواجه الخطر والقلق المصاحب له كلما ظهر مع الاحتفاظ بخبرات تمكنها من مواجهة ما يشابهه في المستقبل. وتستمر الحيوانات في مواجهة مسببات الخطر بشكل دائم ولا تتوقف عن المحاولة دون أن تسمح لهرمون الكورتيزول بسرقة اللحظة التالية.
ولنستطيع
التعامل مع مسببات قلقلنا بشكل مباشر(كالحيوانات :P ) يجب أن نتحرر من سيطرة إدمان هذه
الآليات بالتدريج ومن ثم معالجة السبب وذلك غالباً ما يحدث بالتدريج ذلك أن
تشكيل العادات الجديدة أو إلغائها يحتاج لمدة شهر تقريباً. فإذا أكملت شهراً دون الاعتماد على هذه العادة في التنفيس عن قلقلك تكون قد نجحت في هزيمتها. حاذر من ترك آلية تأقلم إلى أسوأ منها واطلب المساعدة من المقربين لك (في إخفاء الحلويات ليلاً أو إطفاء الانترنت مثلاً) وعش حياتك كما تريد حقاً.
فيما يلي بعض آليات التأقلم السيئة:
إيذاء النفس جسديا
العودة إلى نفسية الطفل لتجنب المشاكل
تسخيف ما هو مهم
التركيز على الحقائق والماديات وتجاهل المشاعر
الهروب إلى الخيال
تسليط الغضب على الآخرين
العاطفية المفرطة
هدم ما تم بناؤه
بعض آليات التأقلم الجيدة:
تعويض النقص في جانب بالتألق في جانب آخر
التعاطف مع الحالات المشابهة لما مررت به
مساعدة الآخرين للشعور بالتحسن
تقليد حالات مشابهة ناجحة
النمو الروحي
إيجاد الفرص في الأزمات
دقق في حياتك واسأل المقربين عن عاداتك فتغيير أشياء بسيطة قد يساهم في جعل حياتك أفضل
شاركونا بآرائكم وقصصكم في التحرر من هذه العادات :)
A Corpus is a collection of texts (oral or written) produced by a proficient language speaker in a communicative situation made available in a machine readable form to allow linguistic analysis for different purposes. The first ever-made corpus was created in early 1960s and it was the Brown Corpus. It consisted of one million written words made available in an electronic format for use.
Now that we know what is a corps we should know what is Corpus Linguistics (CL). Corpus Linguistics is the study of field collected authentic language of native speakers. It’s
the study of field-collected authentic language of native speakers. Unlike sociolinguistics or psycholinguistics which are separate paradigms within linguistics, corpus linguistics is “a
methodological basis for pursuing linguistic research” (Leech 1992: 105). It's a way of conducting linguistics.
What makes corpus linguistics unique is its ability to deal with the daily authentic language of native speakers. It follows a descriptive approach to language that accepts all dialects of language as equal and rule-governed. Thus, you can search the use of any word or part of word to see how it's used by native speakers in real communicative situations.
If you are interested in spoken (taped) corpora you can visit Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English in the link below to listen to real people speaking language in authentic situations.
corpus linguistics is more popular in genre analysis where linguists analyze a genre such as acknowledgments, abstracts, introduction so that learners can know the conventions of writing these genres. However, corpus linguistics is also used in designing reference books like dictionaries and language teaching materials.all of this could be done using a concordancer ( an application that allows you to do various types of searches to a previously loaded number of texts or texts you load as your own corpus. You can get a free concordancer from Laurence Anthony's Website .
References:
Leech, Geoffrey (1992) Corpora and Theories of
Linguistic Performance. In Svartvik (1992). 105–22.
Do you find yourself searching for you art style? For the things that will free you and give you wings to fly high in your art profession?! Then stand next to me and next to millions like us around the world.
When I ask myself what type of drawing/ painting I like most, the answer is always something with colors, yet even colors can bore you.
Every now and then I find myself stuck in thinking my art over and over. Should I copy others ? A big NO comes quickly to claim my mind. Should I paint abstracts (colors and no shapes sounds fun ) ? Well it's tempting but deep inside I find it worthless to paint things that needs to be explained. Should I draw in pencil more and practice so I overcome this recurring interval? it sounds logical but deep down I hate pencil for anything but my personal incoherent scribbles. Should I use color pencils? It combines neatness and colors but there is no long life span. And the questions go on to my duties and study and other responsibilities.
What to do?
First, don't beat yourself up for thinking in this way because it will bring you no solution.
Second, think of future painting ideas instead of wasting your time thinking about your art block.
Third, remember that art is a state of chaos that an artist tries to tame.
Forth, try to schedule your art time in order to get yourself into the mood and leave all your worries behind.
in this concern i'm reminded of the words of Steve Jobs:
"Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way
to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the
only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found
it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart,
you'll know when you find it. "
In this (silent) video I show you the way in which i used AntConc concordancer to choose a text from the corpus i made for reading comprehension task. The corpus is a collection of excerpts from online articles each is about 200 words in length. Frequency and Keyness are the criteria for choosing the text that mostly represents the whole corpus. Then, from the frequency list was the basis for a grammar task (parts of speech).
The resulted tasks are the following:
APPENDIX
A
A.Discuss with class:
1-What do ethics mean?
2-Do you know Hippocratic Oath
3-What are the ethical standards of
pharmacy profession?
B.Read the following text :
The Code of Ethics
Is the principles that form the
fundamental basis of the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. These
principles, based on moral obligations and virtues, are established to guide
pharmacists in relationships with patients, health professionals, and society.
1.A pharmacist respects the
covenantal relationship between the patient and pharmacist. Considering the
patient-pharmacist relationship as a covenant means that a pharmacist has moral
obligations in response to the gift of trust received from society. In return
for this gift, a pharmacist promises to help individuals achieve optimum
benefit from their medications, to be committed to their welfare, and to
maintain their trust.
2.A pharmacist promotes the good
of every patient in a caring, compassionate, and confidential manner. A
pharmacist places concern for the well-being of the patient at the center of
professional practice. In doing so, a pharmacist considers needs stated by the
patient as well as those defined by health science. A pharmacist is dedicated
to protecting the dignity of the patient. With a caring attitude and a
compassionate spirit, a pharmacist focuses on serving the patient in a private
and confidential manner.
3.A pharmacist respects the
autonomy and dignity of each patient. A pharmacist promotes the right of
self-determination and recognizes individual self-worth by encouraging patients
to participate in decisions about their health. A pharmacist communicates with
patients in terms that are understandable. In all cases, a pharmacist respects
personal and cultural differences among patients.
4.A pharmacist acts with honesty
and integrity in professional relationships. A pharmacist has a duty to
tell the truth and to act with conviction of conscience. A pharmacist avoids
discriminatory practices, behavior or work conditions that impair professional
judgment, and actions that compromise dedication to the best interests of
patients.
5.A pharmacist maintains
professional competence. A pharmacist has a duty to maintain knowledge and
abilities as new medications, devices, and technologies become available and as
health information advances.
6.A pharmacist respects the
values and abilities of colleagues and other health professionals.
When appropriate, a pharmacist asks for the consultation
of colleagues or other health professionals or refers the patient. A pharmacist
acknowledges that colleagues and other health professionals may differ in the
beliefs and values they apply to the care of the patient.
7.A pharmacist serves individual,
community, and societal needs. The primary obligation of a pharmacist is to
individual patients. However, the obligations of a pharmacist may at times
extend beyond the individual to the community and society. In these situations,
the pharmacist recognizes the responsibilities that accompany these obligations
and acts accordingly.
8.A pharmacist seeks justice in
the distribution of health resources. When health resources are allocated,
a pharmacist is fair and equitable, balancing the needs of patients and
society.
* adopted by the membership of the American Pharmacists
Association October 27, 1994
C.Answer the following questions:
1-Are the ethical standards you
discussed with class similar to those in the text?
2-Can you give an example of how the
relationship between the patient and pharmacist is covenantal?
3-Give an example of a pharmacist
behavior that goes against code number 4.
4-How can pharmacists do tomaintain
their professional competence?
APPENDIX B
A.Choose the appropriate word for each group of sentences from the
box and specify whether it's used as a verb or noun by writing V
for verb and N for noun.
Form, Abuse, Help, Cause, Control,Need,Care,
Group 1:
-Aspirin in its present . . . . . has been around for over 100 years. ()
-A tremendous amount of empirical
information has accumulated to . . . . . a nebulous system of "herbal
medicine. ()
Group 2:
-They begin to . . . . .drugs when
they repeatedly take them to solve their problems or to make them feel
"normal". ()
-Drugs such as marijuana, meth, and
the. . . . .of prescription medications are on the rise.()
Group 3:
-Newer medications . . . . . reduce the time it takes to fall asleep.
()
-Vitamin D . . . . . your body
absorb the amount of calcium (a mineral) it needs to form strong bones. ()
Group 4:
-Cancer is gradually becoming the
leading disease-related . . . . . of death of the human population. ()
-The names of some drugs are
similar and, if not written clearly, . . . . . confusion. ()
-
Group 5:
-All they . . . . . is a computer
and some free time. ()
-There is an ultimate . . . . . for
innovation in drug discovery and development. ()
Refrence
"Code of
Ethics." American Pharmacists Association 27 October, 1994. Web. 9 April
2015.
Retrieved from http://www.pharmacist.com/code-ethics
